Western Zhou Dynasty (About
1046—771B.C)
Total height 24.5cm, length of mouth
18.5cm, width14cm
Unearthed from Western Zhou Dynasty
tomb no.2 at Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Gansu
Preserved in Gansu Provincial
Museum
This bronze Ding-quadripod with
rectangular body, straight mouth, broad and flat mouth rim, two standing ears
whose upper part is round yet slightly arched, deep and a bit slanted belly,
flat bottom, four pillar-shaped feet is decorated with protuberant edges both in
the middle of four sides of its body, joint part of each two sides of its body
and on its feet; also beast-face design, upside-down-standing Kui-dragon design
against fine thunder pattern on its body, and beast-face design on four feet;
six-word inscription on inside wall of its belly telling that this bronze
Ding-quadripod might be made in name of the tomb owner.
Bronze sacrificial vessel served as
symbol of rite in the Zhou Dynasty of which the most typical representative ones
were bronze Ding-tripod which was normally used in odd number while bronze
Gui-food vessel in even number namely: "The emperor can use nine bronze Ding and
eight bronze Gui, ducks or princes can use seven bronze Ding and six bronze Gui,
senior officials can use five bronze Ding and four bronze Gui,
scholar-bureaucrats can use three bronze Ding and two bronze Gui". The
hierarchical order, patriarchal clan system and ritual system were embodied by
the number of bronze ritual vessels used by the nobles in the formal social
ceremony in the Zhou Dynasty.
The Western Zhou Dynasty noble`s
tombs found at Baicaopo date back to early Western Zhou among which tomb 1 and
tomb 2 are the most important ones and a large number of bronze ritual vessels
with inscriptions, weapons, chariots and horses, jade wares, proto-porcelain
wares, etc. were unearthed. These burial objects are of great significance to
study politics and culture in the northwest frontier in the early and middle
Western Zhou Dynasty.